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How to Write an Illustration Essay

How to Write an Illustration Essay How to Write an Illustration Essay Writing an illustration essay is easier than you think. The main idea behind a good illustration essay is to prove your thesis with the help of various examples. Sometimes an illustration essay is also referred to as explaining or expository essay. In fact, every type of essay needs good proving points and examples, so most probably you have already written an illustration essay without even realizing it. Proving your point through various examples is not difficult if you have chosen your thesis correctly and made proper research to find the right points and examples to make it sound trustworthy and reliable. There are of course some useful tips on how to write an illustration essay which we are going to examine in details below. An illustration essay consists of introduction, body and conclusion. The first step in writing an illustration essay, however, is to define your thesis. The most important thing in your thesis is your capability of defending it. Therefore, once again, you have to research your thesis extremely well in order to pick the right examples to illustrate and defend it. Introduction of an illustration essay The introduction of an illustration essay is the first or the so-called introductory paragraph. The purpose of the introduction is to present to the audience the subject you are going to illustrate. It is useful to give a general overview of your thesis and also point briefly why other people have different opinion from yours. But be careful when doing that because you have to be sure you can defend your thesis better than they can defend theirs. For example, you have decided to write an illustration essay on cell phones and how they affect our daily life. First, you have to decide whether you are going to defend the thesis about how useful really are the cell phones or how cell phones have altered our communication in general, or any other variation of the topic which you find interesting and believe you can illustrate. It is important to find a thesis which reflects your point of view and you can adapt. So let’s say you have decided to write on how mobile phones have altered our way of daily communication. You have to find some key points to prove that the usage of cell phones has really changed the way we communicate. First, you may say that texting has replaced the traditional phone call; second, it allows to be closer to a larger number of friends and acquaintances than before; and third, that cell phones help you in your studies or business since you can check not only your email account all the time, but you can also observe your business or studies from distance. You can also state that some people claim that we spend too much time on our phones neglecting our real lives as a negative effect. Main body of an illustration essay Before starting to write the main body of your illustration essay, it will be good if you outline it first. After you have finished your initial research on the thesis, systematize by priority the examples you have found that illustrate your thesis in the best possible way. Afterwards, you proceed with writing a paragraph for each of the examples you have picked which illustrates your thesis. Every example has to be examined and defended in details. The purpose of the main body of an essay is to convince the audience of your thesis so here you have to use precise information and convincing language. Sometimes in an illustrative essay you can tell a personal story and use it as an example to prove your thesis. For instance, you can say that your cell phone and its calendar saved you from forgetting a deadline for an important paper or helped you prepare for an exam. The personal story of course has to be trustworthy and something the audience can relate to. You must have at least thre e examples to illustrate your thesis or at least three paragraphs in the main body of your illustration essay. Conclusion of an illustration essay The purpose of the conclusion is to restate your thesis for one last time. You can also highlight the examples that illustrate your thesis in the best possible way. Make the audience lean to your thesis for one final time in the conclusion of the essay. Always proofread your essay and make sure it’s free from grammar and punctuation mistakes.

Importance of the Qur'an Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Importance of the Qur'an - Essay Example Islam is harmonizing human relations. Importance of the Qur’an The Qur’an explains the need for salvation and the way how it is important to be saved. The followers of Islam should realize not only â€Å"unseen†, but also accept Allah’s rules and follow them. Therefore, five basic pillars outlined in the Qur’an should be followed by the adherents of Islam. The Qur’an is the guidance for the followers. They direct their actions with respect to God’s paths. To perform Five Pillars and other activities under the guidance of Allah is a way to reach salvation and reveal truth of the existence on the Earth. To follow Qur’an is to understand the essence of the Islamic religion, because it is very important to realize the essence of faith. Muslims are people, which are acting in accordance with the directions of Islam. These rules and guidelines can be found in the Qur’an. To fit in the organic part of the humanity is to become a natural and careful person, which is attentive for the Islamic regulations outlined in the Qur’an. There is a deep and a profound intention of Muslims, which is to embody this Holy Book: â€Å"Behind all the stress on practice is the recognition that the Koran  must become flesh and blood. It is not enough for people to read the Koran  or learn what it says. ... There is no doubt that the truth of being was revealed to him in the words of God. Shariah is taught by God and the Prophet equally. The former is the inspirer of the latter. For Muslims to follow the Sunnah is to do the same deeds, as the Prohet Muhammad did himself. The Qur’an is said to be received by the Prophet from God. To receive the Qur’an for the followers of Allah means to memorize it, recite it and reproduce the main points of it. A great emphasis in the Islamic religion is made on the Qur’an memorization, because it is the basis for the Islamic education. Everyday every Muslims has an opportunity to renew oneself. There is a need to determine a degree of Muslims’ faith degree. For this purpose, truly devoted followers of the Islamic religion should observe verses from the Qur’an, understand and follow them. Learning, which were gained from the Prophet, were perfectly embodied by the Muslims in their daily practices. They have many opport unities to follow teachings of the Prophet. The Sunnah is the source of Shariah practices. Moreover, both the Qur’an and the Sunnah contribute much to relationships development among the Muslims. There is a basic teaching, which is to my mind is the main intention of the Qur’an:"When time is for you, give thanks to God, and when it is against you, have patience" (Qur’an online). Therefore, faith in God and patience are the most remarkable features of the Islamic religion. These beliefs are promoted both by the Prophet and God. Qur’an describes itself There are some controversial verses found in the Qur’an. For example: Do they not consider the Qur'an (with care)?   Had it been from other than Allah, they would   surely have found therein much

Tourism and national econmic growth Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Tourism and national econmic growth - Essay Example One of the well known examples in tourism driven LED seen in South Africa has been the small resort named Still Bay. It has a definite tourist footfall (Binns and Nel 240). The article addresses the environmental concerns too. For example, in Kenya’s Maasai Mara National Park and the Ngorongoro Conservation Area in Tanzania, heavy demand for firewood to be used in cooking and heating had severely reduced many small riverine forests (Binns and Nel 237). The article â€Å"Tourism as a local development strategy in South Africa† focuses on how the socio- environmental resources are being utilized to promote local economic development (LED) which in turn leads to national development. The article highlights the initiatives taken by the government to promote tourism as a means to bring about economic development in the country. It mentions the increase in number of the foreign tourist visits from 1994-2002 which in turn boosted the nations GDP. This article helps in understa nding how the unexplored locales in a country can be turned as hot spots for vacation. The article explains different ways for attracting tourists. It throws light on the different environmental issues that arises because of these plans. B. Travel & Tourism to boost UK economy in 2012, October 4, 2010 The website article shows the economic condition in UK and the growth in its tourism industry. The economic condition in the country has been seeing a downslide ever since the onset of the anticipated depression. So, the market has turned toward the travel and tourism industry to boost its economy. According to the article, the tourism industry would increase by 1.3% in 2012 that would be twice the rate of growth which was predicted to be only 0.6% as per the International Monetary Fund. This rate of growth will indicate that the Travel & Tourism industry would be generating revenue of ?35.6 billion and create almost 950,000 jobs within the British economy. During 2012 it is expected t hat around 30 million visitors would be coming to the UK, as reports had shown the country to maintain a good position in being a most-visited destination. In 2011, the total economic contribution from Travel & Tourism amounted to US$6.3 trillion in GDP thus creating 255 million jobs. This contribution had represented 9% of the total GDP, ranking 1 in 12 jobs (Travel & Tourism to boost UK economy in 2012). The website highlights the predicted increase in the number of international visitors in the country. It also showed the number of jobs that would be generated out of the tourism industry. The article presents a comparison between the number of visitors and the jobs created out of the tourism industry between 2011 and 2012. It shows how the industry had contributed US $6.3 trillion in GDP during the year 2011 thus drawing to the conclusion that there is tremendous opportunity to gain economic growth from the tourism industry. C. Roy, Jose, Kenya Packages Tourism as a Key Source of Economic Growth. 2010. October 4, 2010 The article in the news

Distinct varieties of masculinity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Distinct varieties of masculinity - Essay Example ne, by concurring or differing with different scholars; the conclusion, entailing a summery outline of the main points discussed and a stand on the things discussed and how masculinity manifest. In gender studies, feminist theories concern the discrimination of women by men because of womanhood feminists opine that men suit themselves by controlling sex; women get denied personal choice and exploited on labor issues. The feminists believe that the discrimination curtails women rights and seek to see the situation changed. (Piper 2009) Masculinity refers to masculine which denote something related to a male who include men and boys. (Piper 2011) defines masculinity as an expression to serve and not to be served expressing a sacrifice for the woman, which requires giving direction and having a final say. While looking at the distinct values of masculinity arises from the comparison of feminist and masculinity where feminist seek for equality between men and women, but some things constitute for womanhood and others manhood. The essay below discusses the comparison of the two in regard to distinct variety of masculinity. Distinct varieties of masculinity To begin with thoughts and experiences of men, they help in understanding gender in terms of the masculine variables, as opposed to feminist. (Rotundo, p. 106) argues that women beauty lured men from their known pleasure and secure culture to following women. Therefore, opining that gender gets socially construed with masculine thoughts and behaviors arising from social and cultural processes. The scholar opines that the new complex culture, give rise to the conception of self made manhood. (Rotundo, p. 80 ) Explains the boy’s culture, which prepared boys, for rough and competitive world of politics and business, also the youth culture characterized by debating clubs, where they learned new skills and how to compete in socially acceptable ways. Similarly, (Rotundo, p 86) expresses the idea of masculinity by

Intravenous therapy is an infusion of medicine and fluids into vein

Intravenous therapy is an infusion of medicine and fluids into vein BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Intravenous therapy is an infusion of medicine and fluids into a vein. IV therapy is essential part of clinical use. There are also complications which included in IV infusion are local and systemic, local include thrombophlebitis, infiltration, extravasations, nerve injury and systemic include bacteremia, septicemia, emboli, thrombus, circulatory overload etc . Thrombophlebitis,Thrombo means clot Phlebo means vein and itis means inflammation. Thrombophlebitis refers to the presence of a clot plus inflammation in the vein. Phlebitis is defined as the acute inflammation of internal lining of the vein Infusion Nursing Standards of Practice (2000). According to international association of pain (IASP) (1994), pain is an unpleasant sensory experience associated with actual and potential tissue damage. The pain is classified as nociceptive, neuropathic, acute and chronic pain. The nociceptive pain is caused due to damage to somatic or visceral tissue damage which pain from surgical incision ,a broken bone, or arthritis ,the neuropathic pain is caused by damage to peripheral nerves or CNS which include trauma, inflammation ,metabolic diseases like diabetes mellitus, tumors, toxins, and neurologic diseases such as multiple sclerosis and acute pain is dure to post operative pain ,labour pain, and pain from trauma and the chronic pain is for longer periods due to cancer. Pain is a highly unpleasant and professional sensation that cannot be shared with others. It can occupy all a personal thinking, direct all activities and change a person. Yet pain is a difficult concept for a client to communicate. Pain is universal experience its exact nature becomes mystery. Unrelieved pain presents both physiological and psychological hazards to health and recovery. Care givers should include assessment of pain as a fifth vital sign to emphasize its significance and to increase the awareness among the health care professional of the importance of effective pain management. There are many non pharmacological measures which is provided including massage, exercise, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, percutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, accupunture heat therapy, cold therapies, and cognitive therapies including distraction ,hypnosis and relaxation strategies. Edema which is the accumulation of fluid in subcutaneous tissue due to extracellular volume expansion. There is swelling of tissues which can be demonstrated by pressing lightly with the thumb over a bony prominence especially on dorsum of feet and around the ankles. The types of edema include hydrostatic edema, oncotic edema, inflammatory and traumatic edema and lymphatic edema. Phlebitis can be classified into 3 three categories which include mechanical, chemical and bacterial where mechanical is due to the size of cannula is too big for the selected vein causing unnecessary friction on the internal lining leading to inflammation, chemical phlebitis is due to peripheral IV devices when the medication or solution irritate the endothelial lining of the small peripheral vessel wall and bacterial phlebitis is usually precursor to an infection at the infection site. Thrombophlebitis is evident by localized pain,redness, warmth, and swelling around the insertion site or along the path of the vein,immobility of the extremity because of discomfort and swelling. Non pharmacological treatment includes discontinuing the IV, applying a warm compress, elevating of the extremity, and restraining the line in the opposite extremity .In the presence of signs and symptoms of thrombophlebitis, one should not attempt to irrigate the line. Pharmacological and non pharmacological agents are available for relief of pain, edema and inflammation. The cost and side effects are comparatively high in modern medicine. The number of client seeking unconventional treatment has risen considerably. Nonpharmocological therapies, natural therapies, cryotherapies, and aromatherapies are available with less expensive and fewer side effects. Likewise in combact aloveragel is also very much used in reducing pain, edema and severity of inflammation. For local treatment in order to relieve pain, edema and severity of inflammation alovera gel can be used. Since in the era of Ancient Egypt humans having using aloe. They used one of the ingredients of embalming fluid. In the tenth century, the Europeans were introduced, where it became an important ingredient in many herbal medicines. By the sixteenth century, aloe arrived in the West Indies, where still today it is harvested. Alovera is one of the therapeutic herbs as a healing plant. The uses of aloe of popularized in 1950s itself.There are over 300 different types of aloe, but only a few were used traditionally as an herbal medicine. In the middle ages the yellowish liquid found inside the leaves was a favored as purgative. Aloevera gel is the mucilaginious gel produced from the centre (the parenchyma) of the plant leaf. It contains 400 species.The gel portion of the plant is prepared by peeling the outer portion of the skin and the pericap away. It is preparation which is called pure aloevera gel in commerce. Aloevera is thick, tapered with spiny leaves grow from a short stalk near ground level. It is not a cactus, but a member of the tree Lilly family known as Aloe Barbandesis. Some species , in particular Aloevera are used in alternative medicine and in home first aid .Both the translucent inner pulp and the resinous yellow exudates from wounding the Aloe plant are used externally to relive skin disc omforts. The gel found in the leaves is used for soothing minor burns, wounds and various skin conditions like eczema and ringworm. Aloevera gel has both antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects. The constituents include gibberlin,lectins,lignins,glucose ,mannose, glucuronic acid other polysaccharides including galctogalacturans and galactoglucoarabinomannas.The most abundant constituents is water(99%).The aloevera gel contain anti-inflammatory agent gibberlin and polysaccharides which effectively decrease inflammation and promote healing.Aloevera effectively relieves pain because it contain salicylic acid .Aloevera contain ligin which helps to penetrate deeply into skin to deliver its therapeutic effects. Most of the nursing interventions fit comfortably within the real of the natural therapys the illness healing paradigm shift and converge, and role of nurses shifts can gives to the healer. Therefore aloevera gel could be a suitable intervention which helps the nurse to reduce pain, edema and phlebitis. NEED FOR THE STUDY IV therapy has become a pervasive world wide as a routine therapy. Nurses yearly still insert, use and monitor millions of peripheral venous catheters (PVC).To diagnose and assess phlebitis severity is essential as a way to prevent a host of severe complications such as septic phlebitis, bacteremia, septicemia, arthritis, osteomyleitis eventually leading to death. However it is still prone to associated complications, of which phlebitis is most common, with prevalence varying between 20% to 80% Workman (2000). Villicampa (2008)Spanish review a national multicentric epidemiological study having the institutional participation of 10 centres. In this study 381 complications appears in the 2701 peripheral catheters studied which represents an incidence level of 14.11%.They reviewed 8700 treatment records this study proved that implementation of strategies to improve the quality of care reduces non instrumental complication persistent pain at the entrance point ,extravasations of edema, second or third degree phlebitis and infection associated with catheters. Nassaji Zaveareh (2007) conducted a prospective study on peripheral interventions catheter related factor .In this study 300 patients admitted to medical and surgical wards from April 2003 to Feb2004 were participated. Variables evaluated were age ,gender, site and size of catheter ,type of insertion and underlying condition were observed for 3 days continuously. Out of that 26 % occurred phlebitis . There were no significant relationship between age catheter bore size trauma and phlebitis. Related risk factors were gender,ie.,female site and type of insertion of catheter, diabetes mellitus and burns. Important role of nurse is to control pain that of thrombophlebitis. The quality of care received in the hospital was often reflected in client care. Among paramedical profession, nursing personals were inserting intravenous line, monitoring, administering intravenous fluids and administering medicines. Maintenance of peripheral intravenous cannulae and removal of peripheral cannulae was an integral component of nursing care. Nordell, et al.,(2002)in a study of 52 patients, found 5 diagnosed cases of thrombophlebitis (10% ) .Out of fifty two patients twenty six hand or wrist venipunctures, he found 3 with thrombophlebitis.Also he had done Fifteen forearm punctures produced the other 2 cases of phlebitis while of the eleven patients undergoing antecubital fossa venipuncture, none were found to have developed thrombophlebitis. The reported incidences of thrombophlebitis vary from a low of 2% 21 up to 15%.33.One well-controlled Swedish study of over 1000 cases reported venous complications of many types at 31% is having thrombophlebitis. Singh , Bhandary ( 2007) , Dhulikhel Hospital Kathmandu University Teaching Hospital, Nepal carried out a prospective observational study to determine the occurrence of peripheral intravenous catheter related phlebitis and to the possible factors associated to its development.A total 230 patients under intravenous catheter were selected peripheral infusion site was examined for signs of phlebitis once a day using jackson Standard visual phlebitis scale and the result obtained was 136(59.1%)patients developed thrombophlebitis. Related risk factors as found in the present study were insertion site (forearm), size of catheter (20G) and dwell time (>=36 hours). There were higher incident of phlebitis among the client with Intra venous drug administration and especially between ages 21 40 years. Therefore more attention and care are needed in these areas by the care provider. In another study the overall phlebitis rate was 39%. Phlebitis developed in 53% of patients with short lines, in 41% of patients with midsized lines, and in 10% of patients with long lines, and these catheters remained in place an average (Â ± SD) of 3.0 Â ± 2.4 days, 4.6 Â ± 3.4 days, and 7.8 Â ± 6.6 days, respectively. The variables that influenced the development of phlebitis, as determined by multivariate analysis, type of catheter, blood hemoglobin levels, and IV therapy with either corticosteroids or erythromycin Lutter et al.,conducted a retrospective survey to identify the complication of venous catheterization in the left lower limb and right lower limb for 1,143 patients. Patients occurred phlebitis in 56% in left lower limb 51% in right lower limb. Aloevera has salicylic acid which include in analgesic effects, it contains ligin which helps to penetrate deeply into skin to deliver the therapeutic effects, it contain anti-inflammatory agent gibberlin and polysaccharides which decrease inflammation and promote healing. Netherlands, conducted a prospective study on treatment of superficial thrombophlebitis with aloevera gel in relieving the local pain, swelling and redness. In this 116 patients were selected with thrombophlebitis and applied for a period of 3 days. The efficacy of aloevera was recorded. There is a drastic improvement in patient received aloevera gel as treatment than the control group Winchers IM (2005). The investigator selected this study because during her clinical experience has observed the many patients who had admitted in the hospital with cannula, developed the catheter related complications such as blockage, pain, redness and thrombophlebitis. This incidence insists the investigator to do some intervention to overcome this problem. Nurses need to be equipped with current interventional skills in relieving the pain, edema severity of inflammation and to prevent and treat complications.Hence the investigator interested in assessing the effectiveness of aloveragel in thrombophlebitis patients in reducing pain, edema, and severity of inflammation. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM: A study to assess the effectiveness of aloveragel in reducing pain, edema and severity of inflammation among thrombophlebitis patients in selected hospitals at Kanyakumari District May 2010. OBJECTIVES To assess the pretest level of pain, edema and severity of inflammation for the experimental and control group. To assess the post test level of pain, edema and severity of inflammation in experimental and control group. To compare the pre test level of thrombophlebitis between experimental and control group. To compare the posttest level of thrombophlebitis between the experimental and control group. To compare the pre and post test level of thrombophlebitis for both the experimental group. To compare the pre and post test level of thrombophlebitis for both the control group. To associate the post test level of thrombophlebitis of the experimental and ontrol group with their selected demographic variables. OPERATIONAL DEFINITION Assess Systematically and collecting, validating and communicating the patient data. Effectiveness: In this study effectiveness means reduction of pain and edema and severity of inflammation of thrombophlebitis patients after the administration of aloveragel. Pain Refers the discomfort and irritability felt by the patient intravenous infusion site due to inflammation of vein and it is assessed by numerical pain scale. Edema Refers to the swelling in the infusion site and assessed by edema scale. Phlebitis: Refers to the redness which is occurred due to the intravenous infusion and is assessed by phlebitis scale. Aloeveagel: Refers to green leaves when it is teared which contain semi solid liquid and is applied in affected site. ASSUMPTION Pain,edema and severity of inflammation among thrombophlebitis can be reduced in adults by applying Aloveragel. Patient with thrombophlebitis at intravenous infusion site have pain , edema and inflammation . HYPOTHESIS RH1 There is a significant difference in pre test level of pain, edema and severity of inflammation between experimental and control group. RH2 There is a significant difference in post test level of pain, edema and severity of inflammation between experimental and control group. RH3 There is a significant difference in pre and post test level of pain, edema and severity inflammation among thrombophlebitis patients in experimental group. RH4 There is a significant difference in pre and post test level of pain, edema and severity of inflammation among thrombophlebitis patients for control group. RH5 There is a significant association of post test level of pain, edema and severity of inflammation among thrombophlebitis patients with their selected demographic variables (age, sex, site,duration etc). DELIMITATION The study is delimited for 4 weeks of data collection. The study is limited to a sample of 60 adults. CONCEPTUAL FRAME WORK Conceptual model presents certain views of phenomena in the world that have profound influences on our perception of that world. A model is a simplification of reality or representation of reality. Concepts in the model builds consider relevant and as aids to understanding. The study is mainly focused to find out the effectiveness of aloeveragel in reducing pain,edema and severity of inflammation among thrombophlebitis patients. In order to reduce pain,edema and severity of inflammation aloveragel was applied. The investigator adopted the Kings Goal Attainment theory (1980) as a base for developing the conceptual framework. Imogene Kings Goal attainment theory is based on the personnel and interpersonal systems, including interaction, perception, communication, transaction, role, stress, growth and development, time and action. PERCEPTION: Refers to person representation of reality. It is universal yet highly subjective and unique to each person. Hence the investigator perception was peoples may have pain,edema and severity of inflammation JUDGEMENT: The investigator judged that application of aloeveragel reduces pain,edemaand severity of inflammation thrombophlebitis patients. The investigator to judge the need to reduce the level of pain,edema and severity of inflammation. ACTION: The investigator applied aloeveragel. The thrombophlebitis patient willingness to accept aloeveaagel and participate in the study. REACTION: The investigator and to asset mutual goal setting. INTERACTION: Refers to verbal and non verbal behavior of individual and the environment or two or more individual with a purpose to achieve goal. It includes the goal directed perception and communication. Here the investigator interacts with the thrombophlebitis patient by giving aloeveragel applied 3 times per day. TRANSACTION: Refers to an observable, purposeful behavior of individual interaction with their environment to achieve the desired goal. At this stage the investigator analysis the pain,edema and severity of inflammation among thrombophlebitis patients in order to administer aloeveragel application.The positive outcome in post test is the reduction of pain,edema and severity of inflammation which indicate the aloeveragel application. OUT LINE OF THE REPORT The report is divided into 6 Chapters: Chapter I dealt with background of the study, need for the study, statement of the problem, objectives, operational definitions, research hypotheses, assumptions, delimitations of the study, conceptual framework and outline of the report. Chapter II relates with review of related literature pertaining to various areas of study. Chapter III contains with the research design, variables, setting of the study, population, sample, sample size, sampling technique, criteria for sample selection, development and description of the tool, content validity, reliability of the tool, pilot study, procedure for data collection and analysis of the study. Chapter IV presents the data analysis and interpretation of data Chapter V relates with discussion based on the findings of the study. Chapter VI includes summary, conclusions, nursing implications, limitations and recommendations of the study. The report ends with bibliography and appendices.

Seatbelts :: essays research papers

When travelling at slow speeds in your car the wearing of a seatbelt has little effect of your body when you brake. So why is it important to wear your seat belt? A driver or passenger travelling in a car is moving at the same speed as the car. If the car suddenly stops, the body of the rider inside will keep moving forward at the same speed. This demonstrates inertia. The tendency of a moving object to keep moving, or of a stationary object to remain at rest. Basically Newtons first law; that a body stationary or moving with constant velocity will want to continue to do so, unless acted on by a force. Lets understand what is happening here. First drive along in your car at 60 km/h on a backstreet with no traffic, then brake gently and slowly. You will notice that the seat belt doesn’t really do much to hold your body. Now do the same again but this time break as quickly and sharply as you can. Your body will be thrown forwards with great force, and your seatbelt will be literally holding you in place. Now your body was what is commonly referred to as being "thrown forwards", however this is not the case. Your body was actually not slowing down much at all and your velocity relative to the car initially was much greater. The car began to slow down due to breaking and your body in accordance with Newtons First law wanted to continue to move at the original constant velocity. Now if your seat belt was not there to provide an opposing force, to your momentum and inertia, by holding you from going forwards, you very likely would have been thrown into the dash or steering wheel. Lets look at this mathematically. m= your mass in kilograms for this purposes 70kg V= final velocity 0 m/s U= initial velocity 60 km/h or 16.6 m/s straight line S= distance taken to stop 42 m t= 3.8 a= -4.368 m/s/s Now your momentum at 60km/h is P=MU So P= 70kg*16.6m/s P=1162 Kg m/s Impulse I=MU/t I=70*16.6/3.8 I=305N So your body will weigh about 610kg when you are breaking hard, a force it is difficult for any person to withstand. Now in the context of a head on accident at around 60km/hr the force exerted on your body is greatly increased. In the event of such an accident it will take the car approximately 0.4 seconds to stop.

The Hunters: Moonsong Chapter Thirty-Four

â€Å"I like your place,† Elena told Damon, looking around. She'd been mildly surprised when he invited her to dinner. A conventional date wasn't something she ever associated with Damon, but on her way over she had been tingling with excitement and curiosity. Despite having lived in the same palace as Damon in the Dark Dimension, she had never seen a home he'd made for himself. For al his brashness, she realized, Damon was oddly private. She would have expected his apartment to be gothical y decorated in blacks and reds, like the vampire manors she'd visited in the Dark Dimension. But it wasn't like that at al . Instead, it was minimalist, sleek and elegant in its simplicity, with clean pale wal s, lots of windows, furniture in glass and metal, and soft cool colors. It suited him somehow. If you didn't look too deeply into his dark, ancient eyes, he could have been a handsome young model or architect, clad in fashionable black, firmly rooted in the modern world. But not entirely modern. Elena paused in the living room to admire the view over the town: stars sparkled in the sky above the muted lights of houses and car headlights on the roads. On a glass-and-chrome table below the window, something else sparkled just as brightly. â€Å"What's this?† she asked, picking it up. It looked like a golden bal overlaid with a tracery of diamonds, just the right size to fit comfortably in her palm. â€Å"A treasure,† Damon said, smiling. â€Å"See if you can find the catch on the side.† Elena felt the sphere with careful fingers, final y finding a cleverly concealed catch and pressing it. The bal unfolded in her hands, revealing a smal golden figure. A hummingbird, Elena saw, holding it up to inspect it, the gold chased with rubies, emeralds, and sapphires. â€Å"Wind the key,† Damon said, coming to stand behind her, one cool hand on each of her sides. Elena found the smal key low on the back of the bird and turned it. The bird arched its neck and spread its wings, moving slowly and smoothly, as a delicate tune began to play. â€Å"It's beautiful,† she said. â€Å"Made for a princess,† Damon told her, his eyes fixed on the bird. â€Å"A dainty little toy, from Russia before the revolution. They had craftsmen there in those days. A fun place to be, too, if you weren't a peasant. Palaces, feasts, and riding through the snow in sleighs piled with furs.† â€Å"You were in Russia during the revolution?† Elena asked. Damon laughed, a dry sharp little sound. â€Å"I was there before the revolution, darling. ‘Get out before things go bad,' that's always been my motto. I never cared enough to stay and see things through til the end. Before I met you, anyway.† As the music stopped playing, Elena half turned, wanting to see Damon's face. He smiled at her and reached to take her hand, closing the bird back into its sphere. â€Å"Keep it,† he said. Elena tried to protest – it was surely priceless – but Damon shrugged a little. â€Å"I want you to have it,† he said. â€Å"Besides, I have a lot of treasures. You tend to accumulate things when you live several lifetimes.† He ushered her into the dining room, where the table was set for one. â€Å"Are you hungry, princess?† he asked. â€Å"I had food brought in for you.† He served her an amazing soup – something she didn't recognize that was smooth and velvety on her tongue, with just a hint of spice – fol owed by a tiny roast bird, which Elena dissected careful y with her fork, its smal bones cracking. Damon didn't eat, he never ate, but he sipped a glass of wine and watched Elena, smiling as she told him about her classes, nodding seriously as she told him about the tol that patrol ing every night was taking on Meredith. â€Å"This was wonderful,† she said at last, stil picking at the rich flourless chocolate tart he'd brought out for dessert. â€Å"I think it's the best meal I've ever had.† Damon smiled. â€Å"I want to give you the best of everything,† he said. â€Å"You should have the world at your feet, you know.† Something in Elena stirred. She put her fork down and rose, walking over to the window to gaze out at the stars again. â€Å"You've been everywhere, haven't you, Damon?† she asked. She pressed her palm against the glass. Damon came up close behind her and pul ed her to face him, gently stroking her hair. â€Å"Oh, Elena,† he said. â€Å"I have been everywhere, but the thing about the world is that it keeps changing, so it's always new and exciting. There are so many places I want to show you, to see them through your eyes. There's so much out there, so much life to live.† He kissed her neck, his canines pushing gently against the vein on the side of her throat, then put his hands on her hips, turning her back toward the window, where a spread of stars glowed against the night. â€Å"Most people never even see a tenth of what the human world holds,† he murmured in her ear. â€Å"Be extraordinary with me, Elena.† His breath was warm on her throat. â€Å"Be my dark princess.† Elena leaned against him, trembling. Dear Diary, I don't know who I am anymore. Tonight, with Damon, I could almost picture my life if I took what he offered me, became his â€Å"dark princess.† The two of us, hand in hand, strong and beautiful and free. Everything I wanted without having to lift a finger, from jewels to clothes to wonderful food. A life above the concerns I used to have, somewhere far away. Experiencing and seeing wonders I can't even imagine. It would have to be a world without Stefan, though. He's shut me out, utterly. But seeing me with Damon – not just kissing, but being who Damon wants me to be – would hurt him, I know. And I can't stand to do that anymore. It's like there are two paths in front of me. One goes into the daylight, and it's the ordinary girl I thought I wanted to be: parties and classes and eventually a job and a house and a normal life. Stefan wants to give me that. The other is in the darkness, with Damon, and I'm just starting to realize how much that world has to offer, and how much I want to experience everything it holds. I always thought Stefan would be with me on the daylit path. But now I've lost him, and that path seems so lonely. Maybe the dark path really is my future. Maybe Damon is right, and I belong with him, in the night. â€Å"I can't wait to see my surprise.† Bonnie giggled as she and Zander crossed the lawn of the science building hand in hand. â€Å"You're so romantic. Wait til I tel the guys.† Zander brushed a feather-light kiss across her cheek, his lips warm. â€Å"They already know I've lost al my cool guy points for you. I sang karaoke with you last night.† Bonnie snickered. â€Å"Well, after I introduced you to Dirty Dancing, we had to sing the big duet, right? I can't believe you'd never seen that movie before.† â€Å"It's because I used to be manly,† Zander admitted. â€Å"But now I've seen the error of my ways.† He gave her one of his slow smiles, and Bonnie's knees nearly buckled. â€Å"It was a cute movie.† They reached the bottom of the fire escape, and Zander boosted her up and then climbed after her. When they got to the roof, Zander gestured expansively at the scene before them. â€Å"For our six-week anniversary, Bonnie, a re-creation of our first date.† â€Å"Oh! That's so sweet!† Bonnie looked around. There was the ragged army blanket, covered with the pizza box and sodas. The stars shone overhead, just as they had six weeks ago. It was sweet; it was a romantic idea even if their first date hadn't been al that amazing. Then she corrected herself: it had actual y been a pretty amazing date, even though it had been simple. She took a seat on the blanket, then peeked into the pizza box and involuntarily grinned. Olive, sausage, and mushroom. Her favorite. â€Å"At least one improvement in the re-creation, though, I see.† Zander sat next to her and slipped his arm around her shoulders. â€Å"Of course I know what you like on your pizza now,† he said. â€Å"Got to pay attention to my girl.† Bonnie snuggled up under his arm, and they shared the pizza, gazing at the stars and talking cozily about this and that. When the pizza was al gone, Zander wiped his greasy hands careful y with a napkin, then took both of Bonnie's hands in his. â€Å"I need to talk to you,† he said seriously, his sky-blue eyes intent on hers. â€Å"Okay,† Bonnie said nervously, a flash of panic starting in her stomach. Surely Zander wouldn't have brought her al the way up here and re-created their first date if he was planning to dump her, would he? No, that was a ridiculous idea. But he looked so solemn and worried. â€Å"You're not sick, are you?† she asked, horrified by the idea. The corner of Zander's mouth twitched up into a smile. â€Å"You're so funny, Bonnie,† he said. â€Å"You just say whatever pops into your head. That's one of the reasons why I love you.† Bonnie's heart leaped into her throat, and she felt her cheeks flush. Zander loved her? Zander got serious again. â€Å"I mean it,† he said. â€Å"I know it's real y early, and you don't have to feel like you need to say something back, but I wanted you to know that I'm fal ing in love with you. You're amazing. I've never felt like this before. Never.† Tears of happy surprise sprang into Bonnie's eyes, and she sniffed, squeezing Zander's hands tightly. â€Å"I feel it, too,† she said in a tiny voice. â€Å"These last few weeks have been amazing. I mean, I don't think I've ever had as much fun as I do with you. We get each other, you know?† They kissed, a long, slow, sweet kiss. Bonnie leaned against Zander and sighed contentedly. She'd never been so comfortable. Then Zander pul ed away. Bonnie reached out for him, but Zander took her hands again and gazed into her eyes. â€Å"It's because I'm fal ing in love with you,† he said slowly, â€Å"that I have to tel you something. You have the right to know.† He squeezed his eyes closed tightly for a moment, then opened them again, looking at Bonnie as if he wanted to climb into her head and find out how she was going to react to what he said next. â€Å"I'm a werewolf,† he said flatly. Bonnie sat frozen for a minute, her mind scrambling to understand. Then she shrieked and pul ed her hands away from him, jumping to her feet. â€Å"Oh no,† she gasped. â€Å"Oh my God.† Images were rushing through her mind: Tyler Smal wood's face twisting, grotesquely lengthening into a muzzle, his newly yel ow and slit-pupiled eyes glaring at her with vicious, bloodthirsty hatred. Meredith crumpled on her bed like an abandoned dol , blank-eyed as she told them how Samantha's body had been mauled. The flash of white-blond hair Meredith had seen when she chased a dark-clad figure away from a screaming girl. The black bruises on Zander's side. â€Å"Meredith and Elena were right,† she said, backing away from him. â€Å"No! No, it's not like that, Bonnie, please,† Zander said, scrambling to his feet so that they stood facing each other. His face was white and strained. â€Å"I'm a good werewolf, I swear, I don't †¦ we don't hurt people.† â€Å"Liar!† Bonnie shouted, furious. â€Å"I've known werewolves, Zander. To become one, you have to be a killer!† With that, she was off, scrambling down the fire escape to the relative safety of the ground. Don't look back, don't look back, hammered inside her head. Get away, get away. â€Å"Bonnie!† Zander cal ed from the top of the fire escape, and she heard him clattering down after her. Bonnie jumped the last few feet from the bottom of the fire escape and landed hard, stumbling. She straightened up and started to run immediately. She had to get inside, had to find somewhere she wouldn't be alone. Out of the corner of her eye, she glimpsed movement in the shadows of the building. Jared and Tristan and, oh no, big muscular Marcus. Werewolves, she realized, just like Zander, part of his pack. Bonnie thought she was moving as quickly as she could, but, as they came into the light, she found a fresh spurt of speed. â€Å"Bonnie!† Jared cal ed hoarsely, and they came after her. She was running faster than she ever had, breathless sobs torn from her chest, but it wasn't nearly fast enough. They were close behind her; she could hear their heavy footsteps catching up to her. â€Å"We just want to talk to you, Bonnie,† Tristan cal ed, his voice level and calm. He didn't even sound out of breath. â€Å"Stop,† Marcus said. â€Å"Wait for us,† and oh God, he was coming up beside her now, and Tristan on her other side, cutting her off. They were moving in closer, penning her in. Bonnie stopped, her hands on her knees, panting for breath. Hot tears ran down her face and dripped off her chin. They had caught her. She had run and run, as fast as she could, but she hadn't been able to get away. The three guys were pacing around her, hemming her in, their faces wary. They'd pretended to be her friends, but now they looked like hunters, circling her. They'd lied, al of them. â€Å"Monsters,† she muttered like a curse, and pul ed herself upright, stil panting. They had caught her, but they hadn't defeated her yet. She was a witch, wasn't she? She clenched her hands into fists and began to chant under her breath the charms Mrs. Flowers taught her for protection and defense. She didn't think she could beat three werewolves, not without the time to make a magic circle, without any supplies, but maybe she could hurt them. â€Å"Guys, wait. Stop.† Zander was coming now, running across the col ege lawns toward them. Even through the hot tears clouding her vision, Bonnie could see how beautiful he was, how graceful and natural a runner, his long legs eating up the distance, and her heart ached just a little more. She had loved him so much. She went on chanting, feeling the power building up inside her like the pressure in a shaken can of soda, ready to pop. Zander came to a halt when he reached them, clasping Marcus's shoulder with one hand. The other three looked at him. â€Å"She ran away from us,† Tristan said, and he sounded baffled and resentful. â€Å"Yeah,† Zander said. â€Å"I know.† Tears were running down Zander's face, too, Bonnie realized, and he was making no move to wipe them away. He just looked at her, those beautiful blue eyes wide open, heartbreakingly sad. â€Å"Back off, guys,† he said without looking away from Bonnie. To her, then, he added, â€Å"You do what you have to do.† Bonnie stopped chanting, letting the built-up power drain away. She took a harsh gasp of air, and then, quick as an arrow, her heart pounding as if it would burst out of her chest, she ran.

Whether vs. If

Whether vs. If Whether vs. If Whether vs. If By Maeve Maddox A reader writes: A colleague at work says the following sentence is incorrect: â€Å"Promotion depends on if the employee maintains a good attendance record.† I don’t see anything wrong with it. Is she just being disagreeable? I can’t say whether the colleague is being disagreeable or not, but I can say why she objects to the sentence. The conjunctions if and whether are often used interchangeably. Sometimes such usage can pass, but sometimes whether is the only choice. One rule often cited is that if does not follow a preposition. Corrected, the sentence is â€Å"Promotion depends on whether the employee maintains a good attendance record.† Seeking to avoid confusion, Sir Ernest Gowers added this entry to the 1963 edition of Fowler’s Modern English Usage: To avoid possible ambiguity it may be prudent to confine if to its proper duty of introducing the protasis of a conditional sentence, and not to use it as a substitute for though or whether or (with not) to introduce a possible alternative. Note: In the context of grammar, protasis is â€Å"the first or introductory clause in a sentence, especially the clause which expresses the condition in a conditional sentence.† The Chicago Manual of Style spells out two instances in which if should not be used in lieu of whether: 1. to introduce a noun clause in an indirect question the answer to which is either yes or no. INCORRECT: He asked if his tie was straight. CORRECT: He asked whether his tie was straight. The only possible answer is yes or no. 2. to avoid ambiguity. INCORRECT: Call me to let me know if you can come. CORRECT: Call me to let me know whether you can come. With if, two interpretations are possible: 1. Call regardless of your answer. 2. Call only if you will be coming. By using whether, the speaker makes it clear that a call is desired, regardless of whether the person is coming or not. Chicago includes three other notes on the if/whether dichotomy in the â€Å"Good usage versus common usage† section: determine whether; determine if. The first phrasing is irreproachable style; the second is acceptable as a colloquialism. The same is true of decide whether versus decide if. doubt that; doubt whether; doubt if. Doubt that conveys a negative sense of skepticism or questioning: â€Å"I doubt that you’ll ever get your money back.† Doubt whether also conveys a sense of skepticism â€Å"The official says that he doubts whether the company could survive.† Doubt if is a casual phrasing for doubt that. question whether; question of whether; question as to whether. The first phrasing is the best, the second is next best, and the third is to be avoided. Paul Brians (Common Errors in English Usage) acknowledges that if â€Å"can’t really be called an error,† but adds, â€Å"when you are discussing two alternative possibilities, whether sounds more polished.† A note by David Foster Wallace in the Oxford American Writer’s Thesaurus offers â€Å"a simple test†: If you can coherently insert an â€Å"or not† after either the conjunction or the clause it introduces, you need whether. He gives these examples: He didn’t know whether [or not] it would rain. YES She asked me straight out whether I was a fetishist [or not]. YES We told him to call if [or not] he needed a ride. NO If is used to express a conditional. Whether is used to introduce alternative possibilities. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:30 Synonyms for â€Å"Meeting†Rules for Capitalization in Titles30 Words Invented by Shakespeare

Report Writing on a Paintball Game Essays

Report Writing on a Paintball Game Essays Report Writing on a Paintball Game Essay Report Writing on a Paintball Game Essay Essay Topic: The Most Dangerous Game Yesterday at 3:30 pm was Jonny’s last strike as he had shot his mother. This action had only seemed as an accident, but as we confronted him it would only seem as an unlikely act that had taken place because of the objective of the game, or is it? Tune into the rest of this article to find out the real objective behind this setup. The legendary twenty-first century game of paintball co-exists as a way of enlightening the players of the dangers of being at war. The fun loving sport is a thrilling experience one should have if he is able to. The sport requires excellence in agility and the ability to make decisions on a quick note, as well as teamwork risking the life of others. Paintball technology is also used by military forces, law enforcement, Para-military and security organizations to supplement military training, riot response, and non-lethal suppression of dangerous suspects. Jonny Kapalo, the amateur paintball player, from West Kentucky had his eyes set on the joy of shooting in the mexcian home grounds of paintball, as one of the best ten places for paintballing. The game started at the crack of dawn when the teams split up. There were the Rottweilers and the meerkats. The players were to play in the paint-stained quagmire. The first game was ‘capture the flag’ and the meerkats (also known as Jonny’s team) had a good run since the game was theirs for the taking. The win was won by for his heroic dash for the flag which was quite a cheeky move, as his teammates distracted the adversary by covering for him. The second game was search and destroy, which consisted of four targets. The seekers of the game had a terminator of a man code name the ‘Predator’. The imprudent Jonny took the game as a joke and a couple of his teammates took into account of his plan of shooting the Predator. The error of this childish prank is that the Predator takes no hostiles even if it is caused by mutiny among his own teammates. At the count of three, with the predator in front of the scouting group, Jonny and his friends made their move, consequently, the more experienced player got the best of them and Jonny’s team was disqualified on the account of the uprising to the Predator. The third and final game was the team death match. This game has obvious objectives which are that you get terminated if you run out of paintballs or if you get shot. Each player was low on ammo and the last thing they wanted was to end the game. So each player had to examine their surroundings to look for places that could not be seen by the enemy. Jonny had thought of hiding behind a bush, to stalk his next victim. The unsuspecting detail of his hideout was unseen by the enemy. The next victim was to be his very own mother which was to be the most unlikely person to walk by. The poor woman was shot head to toe with suppressing shots. When she declared herself to be out of the game, Jonny crept back into hiding to wait for his next victim. But shortly afterwards the game was over and the Rottweilers won 2-1. We asked a few comments from Jonny and here is what he said, â€Å"The game was a game and I did not know that my mother would come out of cover and I would shoot her which was actually pretty awkward considering how well she could use a gun. Jonny’s mother had also shared her comments with us on how the game appealed to her. â€Å"The game was quite exciting, as an ex-marine I was born to be on the front line. The experience was a good one and it was great to see Jonny walking up my footsteps. † To me as a viewer the game was exhilarating and thrilling to watch, and informs me on the aspects of war and arts. This can stimulate a great exp erience which cannot be missed if one is able to afford. In my opinion Jonny’s mother forfeited the win to her son by exposing her cover.

Human resource strategies should be underpinned by 'organisation Essay

Human resource strategies should be underpinned by 'organisation development' theories which suggest ways that people in an organisation should be managed - Essay Example (Cusack, no date, p.1) 1. Human Resource – This is referring to an inventory of talents, skills and capabilities of a group of persons which may be tapped for a purpose of economic value. The FreeDictionary by Farlex, 2005, defines is as â€Å"The company department charged with finding, screening, recruiting and training job applicants, as well as administering employee-benefit programs 2. Organizational Development – It is basically a method for facilitating change and development in people (styles, values, skills), technology (greater simplicity, complexity), and in organizational processes (relationships, roles). For example, if a HR manager wants to introduce a form of participative management where a paternalistic style has traditionally existed, he or she would have to become an â€Å"inside change agent.† (Chruden & Sherman, 1984, p.548) 4. Human resource strategies – It therefore means plans for the maximum use of the inventory of talents, skills and capabilities of group of persons which may be tapped for a purpose of economic value. 5. Organizational Development Strategies – We could define it as a plan to facilitate change and development in people, in technology and in organizational processes. The topic also defines OD strategy by saying, â€Å"which suggests that people in the organization should be managed.† The proposition must be true because one cannot have human resource strategies without human beings and human resource does not only talk about individual human resource in isolation but also of how to combine these individual resources in the context of an organization (Dictionary Definition of organisation, 2005) or group of humans or people to attain corporate objectives. A corporation, a partnership or even a sole proprietorship is a business organization with people in it either in the form of an employee, manager,

Culture Wars and Teachings of the Past Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Culture Wars and Teachings of the Past - Essay Example This makes them edge when they hear other people drawing comparisons of the past and current happenings (Manning, 2003). History and all the aspects involved are not very palatable in many circles. This is pegged on the understanding that it is crucial to take time to understand the history and what it entailed. This will include digging up of past issues that will rub people in all the wrong ways. Opinionated facts about those that support standards and those that do not have taken centre stage for so many years. There is an example presented of women and many other minority groups that have risen in the historical issue. They have been linked to the formations and opinions that are currently applied in many decisions that are arrived at all over the world. Historians all over have supported this thought. This is with the realization that there is a connection between the way things are observed and what they were (McNay, 1999). This is what forms the cannons of their historical tea chings and observations. This has created the chance for them to teach history as they are expected to. This is with the mindset that as much as the past is the past, it has a relationship with the future. This is with respect to the mistakes made the successes endured and the strides that were made. This is at each and every step of the way as the general process of history was unfolding and taking centre stage. This is with respect to the raising of the historical standards or being content with aspects of multi culturalism that are being propagated and embraced (Dunn, 2000). Second Book Review- History on Trial The issue of the creation of national standards has had long standing complications. This is because every society has very many people that support and critic various ideologies. This is mostly the case in the event that they do not support the logic and opinions of the majority. Their diverse opinions, ideologies and beliefs, have created a system where it is practically impossible to relate (McNeill, 2009). The relationship that is drawn from all historical aspects ensure that it is seen the way that it is. The war is as a result of the diverse opinions that were arrived at during the formation of the national history standards project. The project had the sole aim of ensuring that historical standards were set. This was in relation to the general process of teaching and educating people in all aspects of history and all that it entailed. The historians propagate a system where they are entitled to the raised standards that will be used in many curriculums. They thought that the standards will have positive effects on the general process of teaching, analyzing and understanding history. This was arrived at because of the feelings that they had towards how history was being taught. Many historians supported this argument and the standards set (Nash, 2007). This was because it created a platform for them to ague objectively about the methodologies o f study. Historians take the study and understanding of history as a very delicate subject. They want history to be defined based on its overall aims, objectives and societal expectations. They want the platform to talk candidly about history and its effects on the way life is seen currently. This is based on the understanding that history