King Phillip :: essays research papers

King of Spain, only son of the emperor moth Charles V, and Isabella of Portugal, b. at Valladolid, 21 May, 1527 d. at the Escorial, 13 Sept., 1598. He was carefully educated in the sciences, learned French and Latin, though he never rung anything but Castilian, and also showed much interest in architecture and music. In 1543 he conjoin his cousin, Maria of Portugal, who died at the birth of Don Carlos (1535). He was appointed regent of Spain with a council by Charles V. In 1554 he married Mary Tudor, Queen of England, who was eleven years his senior. This political marriage gave Spain an mediate influence on affairs of England, recently restored to Catholicism but in 1555 Philip was summoned to the Low Countries, and Marys death in the same year severed the federation between the two countries. At a solemn conference held at Brussels, 22 Oct., 1555, Charles V ceded to Philip the Low Countries, the crowns of Castille, Aragon, and Sicily, on 16 Jan., 1556, and the countship of Bu rgundy on the 10th of June. He even thought of securing for him the imperial crown, but the opposition of his fellow Ferdinand caused him to abandon that project. Having become king, Philip, devoted to Catholicism, defended the Faith through come forth the world and distant the progress of heresy, and these two things are the key to his whole reign. He did both by means of absolutism. His reign began unpleasantly for a Catholic sovereign. He had signed with France the Treaty of Vaucelles (5 Feb., 1556), but it was soon broken by France, which get together Paul IV against him. Like Julius II this pope longed to drive the foreigners out of Italy. Philip had two wars on his hands at the same time, in Italy and in the Low Countries. In Italy the Duke of Alva, Viceroy of Naples, defeated the Duke of Guise and reduced the pope to such distress that he was forced to make peace. Philip granted this on the most favourable terms and the Duke of Alva was even obliged to ask the popes abso lve for having invaded the Pontifical States. In the Low Countries Philip defeated the French at nonsuch Quentin (1557) and Gravelines (1558) and afterwards signed the Peace of Cateau-Cambresis (3 April, 1559), which was sealed by his marriage with Elizabeth of Valois, missy of Henry II.